California Electric Bike Laws
California e-bike laws were implemented to regulate the use of electric bicycles, but as an emerging industry, there is ongoing development and refinement of these regulations. It’s important for electric bike riders to familiarize themselves with these laws and enjoy a safe e-biking experience.
E-Bike Popularity Craze
The demand for electric bikes in the United States has been increasing at a rapid rate. The rising popularity of electric bikes has even surpassed the demand for electric cars and hybrids combined, and this trend shows no signs of slowing down. According to the Kelley Blue Book, over 800,000 electric cars were sold in the US in 2022, hitting a new record. The Light Electric Vehicle Association reported that the US imported about 880,000 electric bikes in 2021. The number of e-bike imports in the US grew to approximately 1.1 million in 2022.
Electric bike sales have nearly quadrupled in the past 4 years, increasing from $240 million in 2019 to over $885 million in 2022. With electric bikes being compact, convenient, and a fraction of the price of an electric car, it’s little surprise that sales continue to soar.
How Are Electric Bicycles Different from Regular Bicycles?
Electric bicycles are different from regular bikes because they have an electric motor, which provides pedal assistance to the rider. Certain motorized bicycles allow the user to move forward even when they aren’t peddling. While regular bicycles rely solely on human power, e-bikes provide an extra boost, making them a great option for longer commutes or riders who may need assistance. It’s important to note that e-bikes still require pedaling and are not the same as electric motorcycles or scooters.
How Are Electric Bikes Defined in California?
According to California law, there are three classes of electric bikes.
Class 1 Electric Bicycles
These electric bikes have pedal assistance for lower speeds. These bicycles do not have a throttle. Class 1 bicycles have a top-assisted speed of 20 mph. After the electric bike reaches 20 mph, the motor will stop assisting the rider. Class 1 e-bikes have a maximum power output of 750 watts.
Class 2 Electric Bikes
Class 2 electric bikes can reach speeds of up to 20 mph and can be operated without pedaling because they are throttle-assisted. However, like Class 1 e-bikes, the motor will not assist the cyclist after it reaches 20 mph.
Class 3 E-Bikes
Class 3 e-bikes can go up to 28 mph. A Class 3 electric bicycle or “speed pedal-assisted electric bike” is a bicycle equipped with a motor that assists cyclists while they pedal. Like Class 1 electric bikes, Class 3 e-bikes also have a maximum power output of 750 watts but are faster and more powerful.
Where Can You Ride an Electric Bike in California?
When it comes to riding an e-bike in California, it’s important to understand where you are allowed to ride. In general, you may ride your e-bike on bike lanes and bike paths if it is authorized by a local authority. Still, this does not mean you can ride on any recreational trail. It’s crucial to be aware of local regulations as some cities and counties may have specific rules regulating e-bike usage.
- Bike lanes, bikeways, and bike paths – generally, all classes of e-bikes are permitted if the path is next to a road. However, e-bikes may be prohibited from equestrian, hiking, and recreational trails by a local authority. Therefore it’s best to ensure you check the park’s e-bike policy. For example, the California State Parks System only allows the operation of e-bikes on public roadways and in areas authorized by a Superintendent’s Order.
- Public roadways – electric bike riders are subject to California traffic laws.
- Sidewalks – rules regarding e-bikes on sidewalks in California can vary depending on the specific city or county.
- Generally, E-bikes are NOT permitted on freeways or highways. According to the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), it is illegal to ride a motorized bike, moped, or electric bicycle on a freeway or highway if there are signs that prohibit operation.
Do I Need a License to Ride an E-Bike?
In California, it’s not required for e-bike riders to have a license or registration. However, an electric bike rider must follow the same traffic laws as those riding a regular bicycle. E-bikes that meet certain requirements, such as having a motor that is 750 watts or less and a top speed of 20 miles per hour on level ground, are considered bicycles rather than motor vehicles. As a result, no driver’s license or registration is required to operate them. However, it’s crucial to adhere to the specific regulations outlined by the California Vehicle Code to ensure legal compliance and safe riding practices.
Can E-Bikes be Operated on Sidewalks?
Currently, there isn’t a California statute that specifically prohibits riding a bicycle on the sidewalk. However, California Vehicle Code Section 21206 grants local governments the right to set their own rules, including those that regulate bicycles and electric bikes. Therefore, the rules regarding e-bikes on sidewalks in California can vary depending on the specific city or county.
Restrictions on Motor Power Bicycles in California
Class 1 and Class 2 e-bike riders aged 17 and under must wear a helmet.
In California, Class 3 e-bikes are subject to the following restrictions:
- It is required for all Class 3 riders to wear a helmet.
- Class 3 riders must be 16 years of age or older.
- Operators of Class 3 e-bikes are not permitted to transport passengers.
What Happens if I Modify My E-Bike?
Modifying an e-bike can have legal consequences in California. Altering the motor or other components of an e-bike to exceed the state’s defined criteria can result in the bike being reclassified as a motor vehicle. This means you would need a valid driver’s license, registration, and insurance to operate it legally.
It’s essential to refrain from modifying your e-bike beyond the legal limits to avoid potential penalties and maintain compliance with California’s e-bike laws. It’s always recommended to consult the specific regulations and guidelines outlined by the California Vehicle Code to ensure your e-bike remains within the legal parameters.
Tips for E-Bike Riders
- Wear a helmet – Just like riding a regular bicycle, wearing a helmet is crucial for electric bike riders. A helmet that is fitted properly can significantly reduce the risk of head injuries during a bike crash. Choose a helmet that meets safety standards and ensure it fits snugly on your head.
- Follow traffic rules – Treat your e-bike like any other vehicle on the road and adhere to traffic laws. Obey traffic signals, stop signs, and yield to pedestrians. Ride in the designated bike lanes whenever possible and use hand signals to communicate your intentions.
- Wear bright, reflective clothing – Wear bright and reflective clothing while riding your e-bike. This helps other motorists, pedestrians, and cyclists to see you more easily, especially in low-light conditions or during nighttime rides. Consider wearing reflective vests or jackets that make you stand out and increase your presence on the road.
- Use bike lights and reflectors – Ensure that your electric bike is equipped with proper lighting and reflectors. Front and rear lights, as well as reflectors on your wheels, pedals, and frame, are essential for enhancing visibility. Turn on your lights whenever you ride, even during daylight hours, to make yourself more noticeable to others.
- Check your e-bike before you ride – Regular maintenance of your e-bike is essential to ensure its safe and efficient operation. Check your tire pressure regularly and make sure they are properly inflated. Inspect your brakes to ensure they are responsive and in good working condition. Keep your chain lubricated and clean, and regularly inspect the overall condition of your bike, including the frame, handlebars, and pedals.
Contact an E-Bike Accident Lawyer Today
An experienced e-bike accident lawyer can help you navigate the complexities of personal injury claims involving an electric bicycle. If you have been involved in an e-bike accident, don’t hesitate to reach out to Alpha Accident Lawyers. Our personal injury law firm maintains a 99% success rate and has recovered millions of dollars in verdicts and settlements for our clients. Call us today to schedule a no-risk, free consultation.
